ETH Price: $2,534.41 (+0.07%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
22860878 at Jul-06-2025 02:52:47 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.000103414302 ETH $0.26
Gas Used:
118,323 Gas / 0.874 Gwei

Emitted Events:

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x129F303e...92296384a From: 0 To: 22892026675221515904940378992457713060536035408848704563
0xa7B5ce53...F39DE5448
19.338835640662152656 Eth
Nonce: 57910
19.338732226360152656 Eth
Nonce: 57911
0.000103414302
(BuilderNet)
38.454859835045975898 Eth38.454886572019810668 Eth0.00002673697383477
0xE11bE20b...65Cf09FE0
0xe3A46b2B...bCe789095

Execution Trace

0x129f303e9db398bfafe03e0370fe33d92296384a.9265bb9d( )
  • 0xe11be20b572a80e1fb9c5ec852595ad65cf09fe0.0db39b93( )
    • Null: 0x000...001.187da4ef( )
    • Null: 0x000...001.187da4ef( )
    • DST.transfer( to=0x9a09f6234132DDDf675BEAE22D871100CfAB12e0, amount=59000000000000000000 ) => ( True )
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
      pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
      import "./interfaces/DSToken.sol";
      contract DST is DSToken {
          constructor() DSToken("DAYSTARTER", "DST") {
              _mint(msg.sender, 1000000000 * 10 ** decimals());
          }
          function mint(address targetAddr, uint256 balance) public override {
              revert("minting is only allowed at TGE");
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
      pragma solidity ^0.8.2;
      import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol";
      import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol";
      /*
        Base ERC20 implmentation for DAYSTARTER tokens - DST(DAYSTARTER Token) and DSP(DAYSTARTER Point).
        Minter can
          - mint DSP but can't mint DST
      */
      abstract contract DSToken is ERC20Burnable, AccessControl {
          // 0x9f2df0fed2c77648de5860a4cc508cd0818c85b8b8a1ab4ceeef8d981c8956a6
          bytes32 public constant MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER_ROLE");
          constructor(string memory _name,
              string memory _symbol) ERC20(_name, _symbol) {
              _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender());
              _setupRole(MINTER_ROLE, _msgSender());
          }
          function mint(address targetAddr, uint256 balance) public virtual onlyRole(MINTER_ROLE) {
              _mint(targetAddr, balance);
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../ERC20.sol";
      import "../../../utils/Context.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Extension of {ERC20} that allows token holders to destroy both their own
       * tokens and those that they have an allowance for, in a way that can be
       * recognized off-chain (via event analysis).
       */
      abstract contract ERC20Burnable is Context, ERC20 {
          /**
           * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
           *
           * See {ERC20-_burn}.
           */
          function burn(uint256 amount) public virtual {
              _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, deducting from the caller's
           * allowance.
           *
           * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must have allowance for ``accounts``'s tokens of at least
           * `amount`.
           */
          function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public virtual {
              _spendAllowance(account, _msgSender(), amount);
              _burn(account, amount);
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IAccessControl.sol";
      import "../utils/Context.sol";
      import "../utils/Strings.sol";
      import "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
       * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
       * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
       * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
       * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
       *
       * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
       * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
       * using `public constant` hash digests:
       *
       * ```
       * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
       * ```
       *
       * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
       * function call, use {hasRole}:
       *
       * ```
       * function foo() public {
       *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
       *     ...
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
       * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
       * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
       *
       * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
       * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
       * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
       * {_setRoleAdmin}.
       *
       * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
       * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
       * accounts that have been granted it.
       */
      abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
          struct RoleData {
              mapping(address => bool) members;
              bytes32 adminRole;
          }
          mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;
          bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;
          /**
           * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
           * with a standardized message including the required role.
           *
           * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
           *
           *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
           *
           * _Available since v4.1._
           */
          modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
              _checkRole(role);
              _;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
           */
          function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
              return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
           */
          function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
              return _roles[role].members[account];
          }
          /**
           * @dev Revert with a standard message if `_msgSender()` is missing `role`.
           * Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
           *
           * Format of the revert message is described in {_checkRole}.
           *
           * _Available since v4.6._
           */
          function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
              _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
          }
          /**
           * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
           *
           * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
           *
           *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
           */
          function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
              if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
                  revert(
                      string(
                          abi.encodePacked(
                              "AccessControl: account ",
                              Strings.toHexString(uint160(account), 20),
                              " is missing role ",
                              Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                          )
                      )
                  );
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
           * {revokeRole}.
           *
           * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
           */
          function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
              return _roles[role].adminRole;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
           *
           * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
           * event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
           *
           * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
           */
          function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
              _grantRole(role, account);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
           *
           * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
           *
           * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
           */
          function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
              _revokeRole(role, account);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
           *
           * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
           * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
           * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
           *
           * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
           * event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must be `account`.
           *
           * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
           */
          function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
              require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");
              _revokeRole(role, account);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
           *
           * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
           * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
           * checks on the calling account.
           *
           * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
           *
           * [WARNING]
           * ====
           * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
           * up the initial roles for the system.
           *
           * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
           * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
           * ====
           *
           * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
           */
          function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
              _grantRole(role, account);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
           *
           * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
           */
          function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
              bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
              _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
              emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
           *
           * Internal function without access restriction.
           *
           * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
           */
          function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
              if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
                  _roles[role].members[account] = true;
                  emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
           *
           * Internal function without access restriction.
           *
           * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
           */
          function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
              if (hasRole(role, account)) {
                  _roles[role].members[account] = false;
                  emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
              }
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
       * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
       * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
       * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
       * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
       * is concerned).
       *
       * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
       */
      abstract contract Context {
          function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
              return msg.sender;
          }
          function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
              return msg.data;
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC20.sol";
      import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
      import "../../utils/Context.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
       *
       * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
       * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
       * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
       *
       * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
       * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
       * to implement supply mechanisms].
       *
       * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
       * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
       * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
       * applications.
       *
       * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
       * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
       * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
       * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
       *
       * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
       * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
       * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
       */
      contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
          mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
          mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;
          uint256 private _totalSupply;
          string private _name;
          string private _symbol;
          /**
           * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
           *
           * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
           * {decimals} you should overload it.
           *
           * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
           * construction.
           */
          constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
              _name = name_;
              _symbol = symbol_;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the name of the token.
           */
          function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              return _name;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
           * name.
           */
          function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
              return _symbol;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
           * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
           * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
           *
           * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
           * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
           * overridden;
           *
           * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
           * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
           * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
           */
          function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
              return 18;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
           */
          function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _totalSupply;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
           */
          function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _balances[account];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           */
          function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              address owner = _msgSender();
              _transfer(owner, to, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
           */
          function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
              return _allowances[owner][spender];
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
           * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              address owner = _msgSender();
              _approve(owner, spender, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
           * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
           *
           * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
           * is the maximum `uint256`.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
           * `amount`.
           */
          function transferFrom(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
              address spender = _msgSender();
              _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
              _transfer(from, to, amount);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
           *
           * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
           * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
              address owner = _msgSender();
              _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
           *
           * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
           * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
           * `subtractedValue`.
           */
          function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
              address owner = _msgSender();
              uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
              require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
              unchecked {
                  _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
              }
              return true;
          }
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
           *
           * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
           * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
           */
          function _transfer(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {
              require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
              require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
              uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
              require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
              unchecked {
                  _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
              }
              _balances[to] += amount;
              emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
              _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
          }
          /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
           * the total supply.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
              _totalSupply += amount;
              _balances[account] += amount;
              emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
              _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
           * total supply.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
           */
          function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
              require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");
              _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
              uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
              require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
              unchecked {
                  _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
              }
              _totalSupply -= amount;
              emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
              _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
           *
           * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
           * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
           * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
           */
          function _approve(
              address owner,
              address spender,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {
              require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
              require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
              _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
              emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
           *
           * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
           * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
           *
           * Might emit an {Approval} event.
           */
          function _spendAllowance(
              address owner,
              address spender,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {
              uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
              if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
                  require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
                  unchecked {
                      _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
                  }
              }
          }
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
           * minting and burning.
           *
           * Calling conditions:
           *
           * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
           * will be transferred to `to`.
           * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
           * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
           * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
           *
           * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
           */
          function _beforeTokenTransfer(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {}
          /**
           * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
           * minting and burning.
           *
           * Calling conditions:
           *
           * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
           * has been transferred to `to`.
           * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
           * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
           * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
           *
           * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
           */
          function _afterTokenTransfer(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) internal virtual {}
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "./IERC165.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
       *
       * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
       * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
       *
       * ```solidity
       * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
       *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
       */
      abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
          /**
           * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
           */
          function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
              return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev String operations.
       */
      library Strings {
          bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
          uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
          /**
           * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
           */
          function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
              // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol
              if (value == 0) {
                  return "0";
              }
              uint256 temp = value;
              uint256 digits;
              while (temp != 0) {
                  digits++;
                  temp /= 10;
              }
              bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
              while (value != 0) {
                  digits -= 1;
                  buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
                  value /= 10;
              }
              return string(buffer);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
           */
          function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              if (value == 0) {
                  return "0x00";
              }
              uint256 temp = value;
              uint256 length = 0;
              while (temp != 0) {
                  length++;
                  temp >>= 8;
              }
              return toHexString(value, length);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
           */
          function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
              buffer[0] = "0";
              buffer[1] = "x";
              for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
                  buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
                  value >>= 4;
              }
              require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
              return string(buffer);
          }
          /**
           * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
           */
          function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
              return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
          }
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
       */
      interface IAccessControl {
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
           *
           * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
           * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
           *
           * _Available since v3.1._
           */
          event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
           *
           * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
           * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
           */
          event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
           *
           * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
           *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
           *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
           */
          event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);
          /**
           * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
           */
          function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
           * {revokeRole}.
           *
           * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
           */
          function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);
          /**
           * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
           *
           * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
           * event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
           */
          function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
          /**
           * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
           *
           * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
           */
          function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
          /**
           * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
           *
           * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
           * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
           * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
           *
           * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
           * event.
           *
           * Requirements:
           *
           * - the caller must be `account`.
           */
          function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
       *
       * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
       * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
       *
       * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
       */
      interface IERC165 {
          /**
           * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
           * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
           * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
           * to learn more about how these ids are created.
           *
           * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
           */
          function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      import "../IERC20.sol";
      /**
       * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
       *
       * _Available since v4.1._
       */
      interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
          /**
           * @dev Returns the name of the token.
           */
          function name() external view returns (string memory);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
           */
          function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
           */
          function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
      }
      // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
      pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
      /**
       * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
       */
      interface IERC20 {
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
           * another (`to`).
           *
           * Note that `value` may be zero.
           */
          event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
          /**
           * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
           * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
           */
          event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
           */
          function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
           */
          function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
           * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
           * zero by default.
           *
           * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
           */
          function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
          /**
           * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
           * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
           * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
           * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
           * desired value afterwards:
           * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
           *
           * Emits an {Approval} event.
           */
          function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
          /**
           * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
           * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
           * allowance.
           *
           * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
           *
           * Emits a {Transfer} event.
           */
          function transferFrom(
              address from,
              address to,
              uint256 amount
          ) external returns (bool);
      }