ETH Price: $2,535.36 (+0.48%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
19427173 at Mar-13-2024 03:55:11 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.006272030946514836 ETH $15.90
Gas Used:
98,958 Gas / 63.380736742 Gwei

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
(MEV Builder: 0x88c...34A)
2.414469792668073632 Eth2.414469891626073632 Eth0.000000098958
0xa8ab8Dc3...88AC50359
5.04818889904912078 Eth
Nonce: 80
5.041916868102605944 Eth
Nonce: 81
0.006272030946514836

Execution Trace

DeepFakeAI.transfer( recipient=0x658579BFFd19C20F48c9fA16bE306534f032654A, amount=561993677230984518133991 )
  • UniswapV2Router02.STATICCALL( )
    File 1 of 2: DeepFakeAI
    /**
     * Website: FakeAI.io
     * Telegram: https://t.me/FakeAI
     * Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeepFakeAI_
    */
    
    // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    pragma solidity 0.8.12;
    
    abstract contract Context {
        function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
            return msg.sender;
        }
    
        function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
            this;
            return msg.data;
        }
    }
    
    interface IERC20 {
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
        function transferFrom(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) external returns (bool);
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
    }
    
    interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
        function name() external view returns (string memory);
        function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
        function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
    }
    
    contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
        mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;
        mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;
        uint256 private _totalSupply;
        string private _name;
        string private _symbol;
    
        constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
            _name = name_;
            _symbol = symbol_;
        }
    
        function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
            return _name;
        }
    
        function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
            return _symbol;
        }
    
        function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
            return 18;
        }
    
        function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _totalSupply;
        }
    
        function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _balances[account];
        }
    
        function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
            return true;
        }
    
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
            return _allowances[owner][spender];
        }
    
        function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
            return true;
        }
    
        function transferFrom(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
            _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    
            uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
        unchecked {
            _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);
        }
    
            return true;
        }
    
        function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender] + addedValue);
            return true;
        }
    
        function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
            uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[_msgSender()][spender];
            require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(_msgSender(), spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }
    
            return true;
        }
    
        function _transfer(
            address sender,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount
        ) internal virtual {
            require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
            require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
    
            uint256 senderBalance = _balances[sender];
            require(senderBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[sender] = senderBalance - amount;
        }
            _balances[recipient] += amount;
    
            emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
        }
    
        function _createInitialSupply(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
            require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");
    
            _totalSupply += amount;
            _balances[account] += amount;
            emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
        }
    
        function _approve(
            address owner,
            address spender,
            uint256 amount
        ) internal virtual {
            require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
            require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");
    
            _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
            emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
        }
    }
    
    contract Ownable is Context {
        address private _owner;
    
        event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    
        constructor () {
            address msgSender = _msgSender();
            _owner = msgSender;
            emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), msgSender);
        }
    
        function owner() public view returns (address) {
            return _owner;
        }
    
        modifier onlyOwner() {
            require(_owner == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
            _;
        }
    
        function renounceOwnership() external virtual onlyOwner {
            emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0));
            _owner = address(0);
        }
    
        function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
            require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
            emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner);
            _owner = newOwner;
        }
    }
    
    interface IDexRouter {
        function factory() external pure returns (address);
        function WETH() external pure returns (address);
    
        function swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external;
    
        function addLiquidityETH(
            address token,
            uint256 amountTokenDesired,
            uint256 amountTokenMin,
            uint256 amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint256 deadline
        )
        external
        payable
        returns (
            uint256 amountToken,
            uint256 amountETH,
            uint256 liquidity
        );
    }
    
    interface IDexFactory {
        function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB)
        external
        returns (address pair);
    }
    
    contract DeepFakeAI is ERC20, Ownable {
    
        uint256 public maxBuyAmount;
        uint256 public maxSellAmount;
        uint256 public maxWalletAmount;
    
        IDexRouter public immutable uniswapV2Router;
        address public immutable uniswapV2Pair;
    
        bool private swapping;
        uint256 public swapTokensAtAmount;
    
        address public TreasuryAddress;
    
        bool public limitsInEffect = true;
        bool public tradingActive = false;
        bool public swapEnabled = false;
    
        uint256 public buyTotalFees;
        uint256 public buyTreasuryFee;
        uint256 public buyLiquidityFee;
    
        uint256 public sellTotalFees;
        uint256 public sellTreasuryFee;
        uint256 public sellLiquidityFee;
    
        uint256 public tokensForTreasury;
        uint256 public tokensForLiquidity;
    
        // exlcude from fees and max transaction amount
        mapping (address => bool) private _isExcludedFromFees;
        mapping (address => bool) public _isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount;
    
        // store addresses that a automatic market maker pairs. Any transfer *to* these addresses
        // could be subject to a maximum transfer amount
        mapping (address => bool) public automatedMarketMakerPairs;
    
        event SetAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address indexed pair, bool indexed value);
        event EnabledTrading(bool tradingActive);
        event RemovedLimits();
        event ExcludeFromFees(address indexed account, bool isExcluded);
        event UpdatedMaxBuyAmount(uint256 newAmount);
        event UpdatedMaxSellAmount(uint256 newAmount);
        event UpdatedMaxWalletAmount(uint256 newAmount);
        event UpdatedTreasuryAddress(address indexed newWallet);
        event UpdatedRewardsAddress(address indexed newWallet);
        event MaxTransactionExclusion(address _address, bool excluded);
        event SwapAndLiquify(
            uint256 tokensSwapped,
            uint256 ethReceived,
            uint256 tokensIntoLiquidity
        );
    
        constructor() ERC20("DeepFakeAI", "FakeAI") {
    
            address newOwner = msg.sender; 
    
            IDexRouter _uniswapV2Router = IDexRouter(0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D);
    
            _excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(_uniswapV2Router), true);
            uniswapV2Router = _uniswapV2Router;
    
            uniswapV2Pair = IDexFactory(_uniswapV2Router.factory()).createPair(address(this), _uniswapV2Router.WETH());
            _setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address(uniswapV2Pair), true);
    
            uint256 totalSupply = 1000000000 * 1e18;
    
            maxBuyAmount = totalSupply *  20 / 1000;
            maxSellAmount = totalSupply *  20 / 1000;
            maxWalletAmount = totalSupply * 20 / 1000;
            swapTokensAtAmount = totalSupply * 50 / 100000; 
    
            buyTreasuryFee = 2;
            buyLiquidityFee = 1;
            buyTotalFees = buyTreasuryFee + buyLiquidityFee;
    
            sellTreasuryFee = 2;
            sellLiquidityFee = 1;
            sellTotalFees = sellTreasuryFee + sellLiquidityFee;
    
            _excludeFromMaxTransaction(newOwner, true);
            _excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(this), true);
            _excludeFromMaxTransaction(address(0xdead), true);
    
            TreasuryAddress = address(0xac9976241993Edae3Dc0d1FaC87c326e1Df6C535);
    
            excludeFromFees(newOwner, true);
            excludeFromFees(address(this), true);
            excludeFromFees(address(0xdead), true);
    
            _createInitialSupply(newOwner, totalSupply);
            transferOwnership(newOwner);
        }
    
        receive() external payable {}
    
        function updateMaxBuyAmount(uint256 newNum) external onlyOwner {
            require(newNum >= (totalSupply() * 1 / 1000)/1e18, "Cannot set max buy amount lower than 0.1%");
            maxBuyAmount = newNum * (10**18);
            emit UpdatedMaxBuyAmount(maxBuyAmount);
        }
    
        function updateMaxSellAmount(uint256 newNum) external onlyOwner {
            require(newNum >= (totalSupply() * 1 / 1000)/1e18, "Cannot set max sell amount lower than 0.1%");
            maxSellAmount = newNum * (10**18);
            emit UpdatedMaxSellAmount(maxSellAmount);
        }
    
        // remove limits after token is stable
        function removeLimits() external onlyOwner {
            limitsInEffect = false;
            emit RemovedLimits();
        }
    
        function _excludeFromMaxTransaction(address updAds, bool isExcluded) private {
            _isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[updAds] = isExcluded;
            emit MaxTransactionExclusion(updAds, isExcluded);
        }
    
        function excludeFromMaxTransaction(address updAds, bool isEx) external onlyOwner {
            if(!isEx){
                require(updAds != uniswapV2Pair, "Cannot remove uniswap pair from max txn");
            }
            _isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[updAds] = isEx;
        }
    
        function updateMaxWalletAmount(uint256 newNum) external onlyOwner {
            require(newNum >= (totalSupply() * 3 / 1000)/1e18, "Cannot set max wallet amount lower than 0.3%");
            maxWalletAmount = newNum * (10**18);
            emit UpdatedMaxWalletAmount(maxWalletAmount);
        }
    
        // change the minimum amount of tokens to sell from fees
        function updateSwapTokensAtAmount(uint256 newAmount) external onlyOwner {
            require(newAmount >= totalSupply() * 1 / 100000, "Swap amount cannot be lower than 0.001% total supply.");
            require(newAmount <= totalSupply() * 1 / 1000, "Swap amount cannot be higher than 0.1% total supply.");
            swapTokensAtAmount = newAmount;
        }
    
        function updateBuyFees(uint256 _treasuryFee, uint256 _liquidityFee) external onlyOwner {
            buyTreasuryFee = _treasuryFee;
            buyLiquidityFee = _liquidityFee;
            buyTotalFees = buyTreasuryFee + buyLiquidityFee;
            require(buyTotalFees <= 15, "Must keep fees at 15% or less");
        }
    
        function updateSellFees(uint256 _treasuryFee, uint256 _liquidityFee) external onlyOwner {
            sellTreasuryFee = _treasuryFee;
            sellLiquidityFee = _liquidityFee;
            sellTotalFees = sellTreasuryFee + sellLiquidityFee;
            require(sellTotalFees <= 30, "Must keep fees at 30% or less");
        }
    
        function excludeFromFees(address account, bool excluded) public onlyOwner {
            _isExcludedFromFees[account] = excluded;
            emit ExcludeFromFees(account, excluded);
        }
    
        function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal override {
    
            require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
            require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");
            require(amount > 0, "amount must be greater than 0");
    
            if(limitsInEffect){
                if (from != owner() && to != owner() && to != address(0) && to != address(0xdead)){
                    if(!tradingActive){
                        require(_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[from] || _isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[to], "Trading is not active.");
                        require(from == owner(), "Trading is enabled");
                    }
    
                    //when buy
                    if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[from] && !_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[to]) {
                        require(amount <= maxBuyAmount, "Buy transfer amount exceeds the max buy.");
                        require(amount + balanceOf(to) <= maxWalletAmount, "Cannot Exceed max wallet");
                    }
                    //when sell
                    else if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[to] && !_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[from]) {
                        require(amount <= maxSellAmount, "Sell transfer amount exceeds the max sell.");
                    }
                    else if (!_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[to] && !_isExcludedMaxTransactionAmount[from]){
                        require(amount + balanceOf(to) <= maxWalletAmount, "Cannot Exceed max wallet");
                    }
                }
            }
    
            uint256 contractTokenBalance = balanceOf(address(this));
    
            bool canSwap = contractTokenBalance >= swapTokensAtAmount;
    
            if(canSwap && swapEnabled && !swapping && !automatedMarketMakerPairs[from] && !_isExcludedFromFees[from] && !_isExcludedFromFees[to]) {
                swapping = true;
                swapBack();
                swapping = false;
            }
    
            bool takeFee = true;
            // if any account belongs to _isExcludedFromFee account then remove the fee
            if(_isExcludedFromFees[from] || _isExcludedFromFees[to]) {
                takeFee = false;
            }
    
            uint256 fees = 0;
            // only take fees on Trades, not on wallet transfers
    
            if(takeFee){
                // on sell
                if (automatedMarketMakerPairs[to] && sellTotalFees > 0){
                    fees = amount * sellTotalFees /100;
                    tokensForLiquidity += fees * sellLiquidityFee / sellTotalFees;
                    tokensForTreasury += fees * sellTreasuryFee / sellTotalFees;
                }
                // on buy
                else if(automatedMarketMakerPairs[from] && buyTotalFees > 0) {
                    fees = amount * buyTotalFees / 100;
                    tokensForLiquidity += fees * buyLiquidityFee / buyTotalFees;
                    tokensForTreasury += fees * buyTreasuryFee / buyTotalFees;
                }
    
                if(fees > 0){
                    super._transfer(from, address(this), fees);
                }
    
                amount -= fees;
            }
    
            super._transfer(from, to, amount);
        }
    
        function swapTokensForEth(uint256 tokenAmount) private {
    
            // generate the uniswap pair path of token -> weth
            address[] memory path = new address[](2);
            path[0] = address(this);
            path[1] = uniswapV2Router.WETH();
    
            _approve(address(this), address(uniswapV2Router), tokenAmount);
    
            // make the swap
            uniswapV2Router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
                tokenAmount,
                0, // accept any amount of ETH
                path,
                address(this),
                block.timestamp
            );
        }
    
        function setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address pair, bool value) external onlyOwner {
            require(pair != uniswapV2Pair, "The pair cannot be removed from automatedMarketMakerPairs");
    
            _setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(pair, value);
        }
    
        function _setAutomatedMarketMakerPair(address pair, bool value) private {
            automatedMarketMakerPairs[pair] = value;
    
            _excludeFromMaxTransaction(pair, value);
    
            emit SetAutomatedMarketMakerPair(pair, value);
        }
    
        // once enabled, can never be turned off
        function enableTrading(bool _status) external onlyOwner {
            require(!tradingActive, "Cannot re enable trading");
            tradingActive = _status;
            swapEnabled = true;
            emit EnabledTrading(tradingActive);
        }
    
        function addLiquidity(uint256 tokenAmount, uint256 ethAmount) private {
            // approve token transfer to cover all possible scenarios
            _approve(address(this), address(uniswapV2Router), tokenAmount);
    
            // add the liquidity
            uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH{value: ethAmount}(
                address(this),
                tokenAmount,
                0, // slippage is unavoidable
                0, // slippage is unavoidable
                address(owner()),
                block.timestamp
            );
        }
    
        function multiSend(address[] calldata addresses, uint256[] calldata tokens) external onlyOwner {
    
            require(addresses.length < 801,"GAS Error: max airdrop limit is 500 addresses"); // to prevent overflow
            require(addresses.length == tokens.length,"Mismatch between Address and token count");
    
            uint256 SCCC = 0;
    
            for(uint i=0; i < addresses.length; i++){
                SCCC = SCCC + (tokens[i] * 10**decimals());
            }
    
            require(balanceOf(msg.sender) >= SCCC, "Not enough tokens in wallet");
    
            for(uint i=0; i < addresses.length; i++){
                _transfer(msg.sender,addresses[i],(tokens[i] * 10**decimals()));
            }
        }
    
        function setTreasuryAddress(address _TreasuryAddress) external onlyOwner {
            require(_TreasuryAddress != address(0), "_TreasuryAddress address cannot be 0");
            TreasuryAddress = payable(_TreasuryAddress);
            emit UpdatedTreasuryAddress(_TreasuryAddress);
        }
    
       
        function swapBack() private {
            uint256 contractBalance = balanceOf(address(this));
            uint256 totalTokensToSwap = tokensForLiquidity + tokensForTreasury;
    
            if(contractBalance == 0 || totalTokensToSwap == 0) {return;}
    
            if(contractBalance > swapTokensAtAmount * 10){
                contractBalance = swapTokensAtAmount * 10;
            }
    
            bool success;
    
            // Halve the amount of liquidity tokens
            uint256 liquidityTokens = contractBalance * tokensForLiquidity / totalTokensToSwap / 2;
    
            swapTokensForEth(contractBalance - liquidityTokens);
    
            uint256 ethBalance = address(this).balance;
            uint256 ethForLiquidity = ethBalance;
    
            uint256 ethForTreasury = ethBalance * tokensForTreasury / (totalTokensToSwap - (tokensForLiquidity/2));
    
            ethForLiquidity -= ethForTreasury;
    
            tokensForLiquidity = 0;
            tokensForTreasury = 0;
    
            if(liquidityTokens > 0 && ethForLiquidity > 0){
                addLiquidity(liquidityTokens, ethForLiquidity);
            }
    
            (success,) = address(TreasuryAddress).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
        }
    
        function claimStuckTokens(address _token) external onlyOwner {
            if (_token == address(0x0)) {
                payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
                return;
            }
            IERC20 erc20token = IERC20(_token);
            uint256 balance = erc20token.balanceOf(address(this));
            erc20token.transfer(owner(), balance);
        }
        
    }

    File 2 of 2: UniswapV2Router02
    pragma solidity =0.6.6;
    
    interface IUniswapV2Factory {
        event PairCreated(address indexed token0, address indexed token1, address pair, uint);
    
        function feeTo() external view returns (address);
        function feeToSetter() external view returns (address);
    
        function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external view returns (address pair);
        function allPairs(uint) external view returns (address pair);
        function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint);
    
        function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair);
    
        function setFeeTo(address) external;
        function setFeeToSetter(address) external;
    }
    
    interface IUniswapV2Pair {
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
    
        function name() external pure returns (string memory);
        function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);
        function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
        function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
    
        function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
        function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
        function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    
        function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
        function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32);
        function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint);
    
        function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external;
    
        event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1);
        event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to);
        event Swap(
            address indexed sender,
            uint amount0In,
            uint amount1In,
            uint amount0Out,
            uint amount1Out,
            address indexed to
        );
        event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1);
    
        function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint);
        function factory() external view returns (address);
        function token0() external view returns (address);
        function token1() external view returns (address);
        function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast);
        function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
        function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint);
        function kLast() external view returns (uint);
    
        function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity);
        function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1);
        function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external;
        function skim(address to) external;
        function sync() external;
    
        function initialize(address, address) external;
    }
    
    interface IUniswapV2Router01 {
        function factory() external pure returns (address);
        function WETH() external pure returns (address);
    
        function addLiquidity(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint amountADesired,
            uint amountBDesired,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB, uint liquidity);
        function addLiquidityETH(
            address token,
            uint amountTokenDesired,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external payable returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH, uint liquidity);
        function removeLiquidity(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB);
        function removeLiquidityETH(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH);
        function removeLiquidityWithPermit(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline,
            bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
        ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB);
        function removeLiquidityETHWithPermit(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline,
            bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
        ) external returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH);
        function swapExactTokensForTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external returns (uint[] memory amounts);
        function swapTokensForExactTokens(
            uint amountOut,
            uint amountInMax,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external returns (uint[] memory amounts);
        function swapExactETHForTokens(uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            payable
            returns (uint[] memory amounts);
        function swapTokensForExactETH(uint amountOut, uint amountInMax, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            returns (uint[] memory amounts);
        function swapExactTokensForETH(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            returns (uint[] memory amounts);
        function swapETHForExactTokens(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            payable
            returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    
        function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) external pure returns (uint amountB);
        function getAmountOut(uint amountIn, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) external pure returns (uint amountOut);
        function getAmountIn(uint amountOut, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) external pure returns (uint amountIn);
        function getAmountsOut(uint amountIn, address[] calldata path) external view returns (uint[] memory amounts);
        function getAmountsIn(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path) external view returns (uint[] memory amounts);
    }
    
    interface IUniswapV2Router02 is IUniswapV2Router01 {
        function removeLiquidityETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external returns (uint amountETH);
        function removeLiquidityETHWithPermitSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline,
            bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
        ) external returns (uint amountETH);
    
        function swapExactTokensForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external;
        function swapExactETHForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external payable;
        function swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external;
    }
    
    interface IERC20 {
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
    
        function name() external view returns (string memory);
        function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
        function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
        function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint);
        function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint);
    
        function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool);
        function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
        function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
    }
    
    interface IWETH {
        function deposit() external payable;
        function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool);
        function withdraw(uint) external;
    }
    
    contract UniswapV2Router02 is IUniswapV2Router02 {
        using SafeMath for uint;
    
        address public immutable override factory;
        address public immutable override WETH;
    
        modifier ensure(uint deadline) {
            require(deadline >= block.timestamp, 'UniswapV2Router: EXPIRED');
            _;
        }
    
        constructor(address _factory, address _WETH) public {
            factory = _factory;
            WETH = _WETH;
        }
    
        receive() external payable {
            assert(msg.sender == WETH); // only accept ETH via fallback from the WETH contract
        }
    
        // **** ADD LIQUIDITY ****
        function _addLiquidity(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint amountADesired,
            uint amountBDesired,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin
        ) internal virtual returns (uint amountA, uint amountB) {
            // create the pair if it doesn't exist yet
            if (IUniswapV2Factory(factory).getPair(tokenA, tokenB) == address(0)) {
                IUniswapV2Factory(factory).createPair(tokenA, tokenB);
            }
            (uint reserveA, uint reserveB) = UniswapV2Library.getReserves(factory, tokenA, tokenB);
            if (reserveA == 0 && reserveB == 0) {
                (amountA, amountB) = (amountADesired, amountBDesired);
            } else {
                uint amountBOptimal = UniswapV2Library.quote(amountADesired, reserveA, reserveB);
                if (amountBOptimal <= amountBDesired) {
                    require(amountBOptimal >= amountBMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_B_AMOUNT');
                    (amountA, amountB) = (amountADesired, amountBOptimal);
                } else {
                    uint amountAOptimal = UniswapV2Library.quote(amountBDesired, reserveB, reserveA);
                    assert(amountAOptimal <= amountADesired);
                    require(amountAOptimal >= amountAMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_A_AMOUNT');
                    (amountA, amountB) = (amountAOptimal, amountBDesired);
                }
            }
        }
        function addLiquidity(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint amountADesired,
            uint amountBDesired,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external virtual override ensure(deadline) returns (uint amountA, uint amountB, uint liquidity) {
            (amountA, amountB) = _addLiquidity(tokenA, tokenB, amountADesired, amountBDesired, amountAMin, amountBMin);
            address pair = UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(tokenA, msg.sender, pair, amountA);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(tokenB, msg.sender, pair, amountB);
            liquidity = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).mint(to);
        }
        function addLiquidityETH(
            address token,
            uint amountTokenDesired,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external virtual override payable ensure(deadline) returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH, uint liquidity) {
            (amountToken, amountETH) = _addLiquidity(
                token,
                WETH,
                amountTokenDesired,
                msg.value,
                amountTokenMin,
                amountETHMin
            );
            address pair = UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, token, WETH);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(token, msg.sender, pair, amountToken);
            IWETH(WETH).deposit{value: amountETH}();
            assert(IWETH(WETH).transfer(pair, amountETH));
            liquidity = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).mint(to);
            // refund dust eth, if any
            if (msg.value > amountETH) TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(msg.sender, msg.value - amountETH);
        }
    
        // **** REMOVE LIQUIDITY ****
        function removeLiquidity(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) public virtual override ensure(deadline) returns (uint amountA, uint amountB) {
            address pair = UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB);
            IUniswapV2Pair(pair).transferFrom(msg.sender, pair, liquidity); // send liquidity to pair
            (uint amount0, uint amount1) = IUniswapV2Pair(pair).burn(to);
            (address token0,) = UniswapV2Library.sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
            (amountA, amountB) = tokenA == token0 ? (amount0, amount1) : (amount1, amount0);
            require(amountA >= amountAMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_A_AMOUNT');
            require(amountB >= amountBMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_B_AMOUNT');
        }
        function removeLiquidityETH(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) public virtual override ensure(deadline) returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH) {
            (amountToken, amountETH) = removeLiquidity(
                token,
                WETH,
                liquidity,
                amountTokenMin,
                amountETHMin,
                address(this),
                deadline
            );
            TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token, to, amountToken);
            IWETH(WETH).withdraw(amountETH);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(to, amountETH);
        }
        function removeLiquidityWithPermit(
            address tokenA,
            address tokenB,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountAMin,
            uint amountBMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline,
            bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
        ) external virtual override returns (uint amountA, uint amountB) {
            address pair = UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB);
            uint value = approveMax ? uint(-1) : liquidity;
            IUniswapV2Pair(pair).permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s);
            (amountA, amountB) = removeLiquidity(tokenA, tokenB, liquidity, amountAMin, amountBMin, to, deadline);
        }
        function removeLiquidityETHWithPermit(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline,
            bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
        ) external virtual override returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH) {
            address pair = UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, token, WETH);
            uint value = approveMax ? uint(-1) : liquidity;
            IUniswapV2Pair(pair).permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s);
            (amountToken, amountETH) = removeLiquidityETH(token, liquidity, amountTokenMin, amountETHMin, to, deadline);
        }
    
        // **** REMOVE LIQUIDITY (supporting fee-on-transfer tokens) ****
        function removeLiquidityETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) public virtual override ensure(deadline) returns (uint amountETH) {
            (, amountETH) = removeLiquidity(
                token,
                WETH,
                liquidity,
                amountTokenMin,
                amountETHMin,
                address(this),
                deadline
            );
            TransferHelper.safeTransfer(token, to, IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this)));
            IWETH(WETH).withdraw(amountETH);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(to, amountETH);
        }
        function removeLiquidityETHWithPermitSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            address token,
            uint liquidity,
            uint amountTokenMin,
            uint amountETHMin,
            address to,
            uint deadline,
            bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s
        ) external virtual override returns (uint amountETH) {
            address pair = UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, token, WETH);
            uint value = approveMax ? uint(-1) : liquidity;
            IUniswapV2Pair(pair).permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s);
            amountETH = removeLiquidityETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
                token, liquidity, amountTokenMin, amountETHMin, to, deadline
            );
        }
    
        // **** SWAP ****
        // requires the initial amount to have already been sent to the first pair
        function _swap(uint[] memory amounts, address[] memory path, address _to) internal virtual {
            for (uint i; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
                (address input, address output) = (path[i], path[i + 1]);
                (address token0,) = UniswapV2Library.sortTokens(input, output);
                uint amountOut = amounts[i + 1];
                (uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out) = input == token0 ? (uint(0), amountOut) : (amountOut, uint(0));
                address to = i < path.length - 2 ? UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, output, path[i + 2]) : _to;
                IUniswapV2Pair(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, input, output)).swap(
                    amount0Out, amount1Out, to, new bytes(0)
                );
            }
        }
        function swapExactTokensForTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external virtual override ensure(deadline) returns (uint[] memory amounts) {
            amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsOut(factory, amountIn, path);
            require(amounts[amounts.length - 1] >= amountOutMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(
                path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]
            );
            _swap(amounts, path, to);
        }
        function swapTokensForExactTokens(
            uint amountOut,
            uint amountInMax,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external virtual override ensure(deadline) returns (uint[] memory amounts) {
            amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsIn(factory, amountOut, path);
            require(amounts[0] <= amountInMax, 'UniswapV2Router: EXCESSIVE_INPUT_AMOUNT');
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(
                path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]
            );
            _swap(amounts, path, to);
        }
        function swapExactETHForTokens(uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            virtual
            override
            payable
            ensure(deadline)
            returns (uint[] memory amounts)
        {
            require(path[0] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
            amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsOut(factory, msg.value, path);
            require(amounts[amounts.length - 1] >= amountOutMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
            IWETH(WETH).deposit{value: amounts[0]}();
            assert(IWETH(WETH).transfer(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]));
            _swap(amounts, path, to);
        }
        function swapTokensForExactETH(uint amountOut, uint amountInMax, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            virtual
            override
            ensure(deadline)
            returns (uint[] memory amounts)
        {
            require(path[path.length - 1] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
            amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsIn(factory, amountOut, path);
            require(amounts[0] <= amountInMax, 'UniswapV2Router: EXCESSIVE_INPUT_AMOUNT');
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(
                path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]
            );
            _swap(amounts, path, address(this));
            IWETH(WETH).withdraw(amounts[amounts.length - 1]);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(to, amounts[amounts.length - 1]);
        }
        function swapExactTokensForETH(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            virtual
            override
            ensure(deadline)
            returns (uint[] memory amounts)
        {
            require(path[path.length - 1] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
            amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsOut(factory, amountIn, path);
            require(amounts[amounts.length - 1] >= amountOutMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(
                path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]
            );
            _swap(amounts, path, address(this));
            IWETH(WETH).withdraw(amounts[amounts.length - 1]);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(to, amounts[amounts.length - 1]);
        }
        function swapETHForExactTokens(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
            external
            virtual
            override
            payable
            ensure(deadline)
            returns (uint[] memory amounts)
        {
            require(path[0] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
            amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsIn(factory, amountOut, path);
            require(amounts[0] <= msg.value, 'UniswapV2Router: EXCESSIVE_INPUT_AMOUNT');
            IWETH(WETH).deposit{value: amounts[0]}();
            assert(IWETH(WETH).transfer(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]));
            _swap(amounts, path, to);
            // refund dust eth, if any
            if (msg.value > amounts[0]) TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(msg.sender, msg.value - amounts[0]);
        }
    
        // **** SWAP (supporting fee-on-transfer tokens) ****
        // requires the initial amount to have already been sent to the first pair
        function _swapSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(address[] memory path, address _to) internal virtual {
            for (uint i; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
                (address input, address output) = (path[i], path[i + 1]);
                (address token0,) = UniswapV2Library.sortTokens(input, output);
                IUniswapV2Pair pair = IUniswapV2Pair(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, input, output));
                uint amountInput;
                uint amountOutput;
                { // scope to avoid stack too deep errors
                (uint reserve0, uint reserve1,) = pair.getReserves();
                (uint reserveInput, uint reserveOutput) = input == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
                amountInput = IERC20(input).balanceOf(address(pair)).sub(reserveInput);
                amountOutput = UniswapV2Library.getAmountOut(amountInput, reserveInput, reserveOutput);
                }
                (uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out) = input == token0 ? (uint(0), amountOutput) : (amountOutput, uint(0));
                address to = i < path.length - 2 ? UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, output, path[i + 2]) : _to;
                pair.swap(amount0Out, amount1Out, to, new bytes(0));
            }
        }
        function swapExactTokensForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        ) external virtual override ensure(deadline) {
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(
                path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amountIn
            );
            uint balanceBefore = IERC20(path[path.length - 1]).balanceOf(to);
            _swapSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(path, to);
            require(
                IERC20(path[path.length - 1]).balanceOf(to).sub(balanceBefore) >= amountOutMin,
                'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT'
            );
        }
        function swapExactETHForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        )
            external
            virtual
            override
            payable
            ensure(deadline)
        {
            require(path[0] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
            uint amountIn = msg.value;
            IWETH(WETH).deposit{value: amountIn}();
            assert(IWETH(WETH).transfer(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amountIn));
            uint balanceBefore = IERC20(path[path.length - 1]).balanceOf(to);
            _swapSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(path, to);
            require(
                IERC20(path[path.length - 1]).balanceOf(to).sub(balanceBefore) >= amountOutMin,
                'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT'
            );
        }
        function swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
            uint amountIn,
            uint amountOutMin,
            address[] calldata path,
            address to,
            uint deadline
        )
            external
            virtual
            override
            ensure(deadline)
        {
            require(path[path.length - 1] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
            TransferHelper.safeTransferFrom(
                path[0], msg.sender, UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amountIn
            );
            _swapSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(path, address(this));
            uint amountOut = IERC20(WETH).balanceOf(address(this));
            require(amountOut >= amountOutMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
            IWETH(WETH).withdraw(amountOut);
            TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(to, amountOut);
        }
    
        // **** LIBRARY FUNCTIONS ****
        function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) public pure virtual override returns (uint amountB) {
            return UniswapV2Library.quote(amountA, reserveA, reserveB);
        }
    
        function getAmountOut(uint amountIn, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut)
            public
            pure
            virtual
            override
            returns (uint amountOut)
        {
            return UniswapV2Library.getAmountOut(amountIn, reserveIn, reserveOut);
        }
    
        function getAmountIn(uint amountOut, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut)
            public
            pure
            virtual
            override
            returns (uint amountIn)
        {
            return UniswapV2Library.getAmountIn(amountOut, reserveIn, reserveOut);
        }
    
        function getAmountsOut(uint amountIn, address[] memory path)
            public
            view
            virtual
            override
            returns (uint[] memory amounts)
        {
            return UniswapV2Library.getAmountsOut(factory, amountIn, path);
        }
    
        function getAmountsIn(uint amountOut, address[] memory path)
            public
            view
            virtual
            override
            returns (uint[] memory amounts)
        {
            return UniswapV2Library.getAmountsIn(factory, amountOut, path);
        }
    }
    
    // a library for performing overflow-safe math, courtesy of DappHub (https://github.com/dapphub/ds-math)
    
    library SafeMath {
        function add(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
            require((z = x + y) >= x, 'ds-math-add-overflow');
        }
    
        function sub(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
            require((z = x - y) <= x, 'ds-math-sub-underflow');
        }
    
        function mul(uint x, uint y) internal pure returns (uint z) {
            require(y == 0 || (z = x * y) / y == x, 'ds-math-mul-overflow');
        }
    }
    
    library UniswapV2Library {
        using SafeMath for uint;
    
        // returns sorted token addresses, used to handle return values from pairs sorted in this order
        function sortTokens(address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address token0, address token1) {
            require(tokenA != tokenB, 'UniswapV2Library: IDENTICAL_ADDRESSES');
            (token0, token1) = tokenA < tokenB ? (tokenA, tokenB) : (tokenB, tokenA);
            require(token0 != address(0), 'UniswapV2Library: ZERO_ADDRESS');
        }
    
        // calculates the CREATE2 address for a pair without making any external calls
        function pairFor(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address pair) {
            (address token0, address token1) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
            pair = address(uint(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
                    hex'ff',
                    factory,
                    keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1)),
                    hex'96e8ac4277198ff8b6f785478aa9a39f403cb768dd02cbee326c3e7da348845f' // init code hash
                ))));
        }
    
        // fetches and sorts the reserves for a pair
        function getReserves(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal view returns (uint reserveA, uint reserveB) {
            (address token0,) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
            (uint reserve0, uint reserve1,) = IUniswapV2Pair(pairFor(factory, tokenA, tokenB)).getReserves();
            (reserveA, reserveB) = tokenA == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
        }
    
        // given some amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns an equivalent amount of the other asset
        function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) internal pure returns (uint amountB) {
            require(amountA > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_AMOUNT');
            require(reserveA > 0 && reserveB > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
            amountB = amountA.mul(reserveB) / reserveA;
        }
    
        // given an input amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns the maximum output amount of the other asset
        function getAmountOut(uint amountIn, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) internal pure returns (uint amountOut) {
            require(amountIn > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_INPUT_AMOUNT');
            require(reserveIn > 0 && reserveOut > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
            uint amountInWithFee = amountIn.mul(997);
            uint numerator = amountInWithFee.mul(reserveOut);
            uint denominator = reserveIn.mul(1000).add(amountInWithFee);
            amountOut = numerator / denominator;
        }
    
        // given an output amount of an asset and pair reserves, returns a required input amount of the other asset
        function getAmountIn(uint amountOut, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) internal pure returns (uint amountIn) {
            require(amountOut > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
            require(reserveIn > 0 && reserveOut > 0, 'UniswapV2Library: INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY');
            uint numerator = reserveIn.mul(amountOut).mul(1000);
            uint denominator = reserveOut.sub(amountOut).mul(997);
            amountIn = (numerator / denominator).add(1);
        }
    
        // performs chained getAmountOut calculations on any number of pairs
        function getAmountsOut(address factory, uint amountIn, address[] memory path) internal view returns (uint[] memory amounts) {
            require(path.length >= 2, 'UniswapV2Library: INVALID_PATH');
            amounts = new uint[](path.length);
            amounts[0] = amountIn;
            for (uint i; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
                (uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) = getReserves(factory, path[i], path[i + 1]);
                amounts[i + 1] = getAmountOut(amounts[i], reserveIn, reserveOut);
            }
        }
    
        // performs chained getAmountIn calculations on any number of pairs
        function getAmountsIn(address factory, uint amountOut, address[] memory path) internal view returns (uint[] memory amounts) {
            require(path.length >= 2, 'UniswapV2Library: INVALID_PATH');
            amounts = new uint[](path.length);
            amounts[amounts.length - 1] = amountOut;
            for (uint i = path.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                (uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) = getReserves(factory, path[i - 1], path[i]);
                amounts[i - 1] = getAmountIn(amounts[i], reserveIn, reserveOut);
            }
        }
    }
    
    // helper methods for interacting with ERC20 tokens and sending ETH that do not consistently return true/false
    library TransferHelper {
        function safeApprove(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
            // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('approve(address,uint256)')));
            (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x095ea7b3, to, value));
            require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: APPROVE_FAILED');
        }
    
        function safeTransfer(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
            // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transfer(address,uint256)')));
            (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xa9059cbb, to, value));
            require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FAILED');
        }
    
        function safeTransferFrom(address token, address from, address to, uint value) internal {
            // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transferFrom(address,address,uint256)')));
            (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x23b872dd, from, to, value));
            require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FROM_FAILED');
        }
    
        function safeTransferETH(address to, uint value) internal {
            (bool success,) = to.call{value:value}(new bytes(0));
            require(success, 'TransferHelper: ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED');
        }
    }